Overview Video
Watch this video to gain a visual understanding. Skip to 2:15
Multiple Access and Collision Handling
When multiple computers on the same network attempt to send data at the same time, the packets can collide on the network, causing data corruption and loss. To manage this, networks use various methods to detect and recover from collisions.
Exponential Backoff
Exponential backoff is a strategy used in network protocols to schedule retransmissions after collisions. When a collision is detected, each node involved in the collision waits for a random delay before attempting to retransmit. If the transmission fails again, the waiting time is doubled. This process repeats until the transmission is successful or a maximum number of attempts is reached. This method helps to minimize further collisions by spreading out the retransmission attempts over time.
Dealing with Large Data Sets: Segmentation
Data that exceeds the size limit of the network’s MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) must be broken down into smaller segments. This process is crucial for the efficient management of network resources and ensures that large files or data streams are transmitted smoothly without overwhelming the network. This is the core philosophy behind packets: dividing a large chunk of data into smaller packets that can be managed by the network.
Network Congestion Control
As networks become busier, the probability of packet loss and delays increases due to congestion. Congestion control mechanisms are crucial in maintaining the quality of service across a network.
Congestion Control Techniques
- Windowing: TCP uses a control mechanism called windowing, which adjusts the rate at which the sender transmits packets based on the receiver’s ability to process them. This helps avoid overwhelming the receiver and the network’s capacity.
- Queue Management: Routers manage data queues to control packet flow and minimize congestion.
Quiz
Q1. True or False:
The purpose of exponential backoff in network communications is to manage the timing of retransmissions and reduce the chance of further collisions.
Answer: True
Q2. Why use segmentation in network communication?
A: It allows large data sets to be transmitted efficiently without exceeding the network’s MTU.
B: It ensures the router’s CPU does not overheat from overworking.
C: It splits packets to avoid overflowing the network’s maximum window size.
D: It reduces active memory used by the client machine and router.
Answer: A
Q3. Describe network behavior when multiple computers communicate simultaneously, including the concepts of exponential backoff and segmentation (No unique solution)